When Americans lose their jobs, they file for unemployment benefits, and the government has kept track of the number of these filings every week since 1967. Up until recently, with a healthy domestic job market, the weekly tally has been about 210,000.

But as we’ve discussed, looking at historical data, we know what things look like when there’s an economic crisis. In early 2009, for example, near the height of the Great Recession, initial jobless claims reached 665,000 — roughly triple the totals from, say, a couple of months ago. During the U.S. recession in 1982, the number was a little higher, reaching nearly 700,000.

In March, everything changed with data that was staggering and record breaking. This morning, the Department of Labor released yet another brutal report.

In the week ending May 23, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 2,123,000, a decrease of 323,000 from the previous week’s revised level. The previous week’s level was revised up by 8,000 from 2,438,000 to 2,446,000. The 4-week moving average was 2,608,000, a decrease of 436,000 from the previous week’s revised average.

The total from today’s report is lower than what we’ve seen in the weeks since the crisis began in earnest, which may look like marginal progress. But a better way of looking at this is to say that things are getting worse slightly slower.

Indeed, keep the cumulative effects in mind: these 2.1 million Americans who’ve just filed for jobless benefits are in addition to the totals from the last several weeks. In other words, more than 40 million Americans have filed initial unemployment claims since mid-March — a total unlike anything the country has seen in modern times.

Consider this: the number of Americans who’ve filed for unemployment benefits over the last nine weeks is roughly equivalent to the combined populations of New York, Illinois, and Massachusetts.

It is worth emphasizing that these depression-level numbers coincide with the recent passage of an economic aid package that included significant resources for the unemployed. As we recently reviewed, the provisions of the new law add $600 — per week — to whatever out-of-work Americans would get from their state UI system. It’s a temporary lifeline that will make a significant difference to a lot of people — if eligible recipients can get the money through their overwhelmed (and in some cases, poorly designed) state systems.

Those benefits expire in July. Many Republican leaders are determined not to renew them.

I put together the above chart, and at the request of some readers, it shows weekly unemployment filings since 1967, when the federal government started keeping track. (I’ve also made the line a little skinnier to help show the recent drop from last month’s spike.) The image may make it appear as if the last half-century has been relatively stable, but that’s really not the case: there were significant peaks and valleys throughout this period.

But those fluctuations now seem minor by comparison.