Virginia Republicans said Monday they’re planning a legal challenge to Gov. Terry McAuliffe’s recent executive order that restored the right to vote to more than 200,000 former felons in perhaps the most pivotal state in the presidential race.
GOP leaders in the state legislature announced that they’ve hired Charles Cooper, a former Justice Department official in the Reagan administration, to lead the effort. They said McAuliffe’s order exceeded the governor’s constitutional powers.
“Governor McAuliffe’s flagrant disregard for the Constitution of Virginia and the rule of law must not go unchecked,” Senate Majority Leader Thomas Norment Jr. said in a statement. “We have retained Mr. Cooper to examine the legal options to remedy this Washington-style overreach by the executive branch.”
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Responding to the announcement, Brian Coy, a spokesman for McAuliffe, a Democrat, said: “The Governor is disappointed that Republicans would go to such lengths to continue locking people who have served their time out of their democracy. While Republicans may have found a Washington lawyer for their political lawsuit, they still have yet to articulate any specific constitutional objections to the Governor exercising a power that Article V Section 12 clearly grants him.”
That appears to refer to the following language in the state’s constitution: “The governor shall have power … to remove political disabilities consequent upon conviction for offenses committed prior or subsequent to the adoption of this Constitution.”
A Republican lawsuit would be the second major legal fight over Virginia’s election rules this year. Democrats are challenging the state’s 2013 voter ID law.
McAuliffe’s order, issued 10 days ago, restored voting rights to Virginians who have completed their sentences and any supervised probation or parole. It’s estimated to re-enfranchise around 206,000 people. The move was perhaps the most significant step yet in a nationwide push to restore the right to vote for former felons.
Immediately, Republicans accused McAuliffe of doing a political favor for Hillary Clinton, a longtime ally. Virginia’s 13 electoral votes are expected to be pivotal in the presidential election. And studies have shown former felons vote Democratic by a large margin.
In Monday’s announcement, legislative leaders charged that McAuliffe’s move was not just political but unconstitutional.
“His predecessors and previous attorneys general examined this issue and consistently concluded Virginia’s governor does not have the power to issue blanket restorations,” Norment said. “By doing so now with the acknowledged goal of affecting the November election, he has overstepped the bounds of his authority and the constitutional limits on executive powers.”
That appeared to refer to a conclusion reached by Mark Rubin, a top lawyer for McAuliffe’s predecessor as governor, Democrat Tim Kaine.
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“A blanket order restoring the voting rights of everyone would be a rewrite of the law rather than a contemplated use of the executive clemency powers,” Rubin wrote in 2010. “And, the notion that the Constitution of the Commonwealth could be rewritten via executive order is troubling.” Rubin didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment. But William Hurd, a Virginia election lawyer who served as the state’s first Solicitor General from 1999 to 2004, said in an interview that other administrations had reached the same conclusion. “I do think it is significant that for many years, governors of both parties have not thought they had the sweeping authority that this governor believes he has,” said Hurd. A 2013 bipartisan commission appointed by then-Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli to consider ways of restoring felon voting rights concluded that the governor can restore rights on an “individualized basis,” not via a sweeping order. “[A] court likely would find it difficult to sustain a Governor’s exercise of this clemency power in so sweeping a manner that the Constitution’s general policy of disenfranchisement of felons is voided,” a report issued by the panel concluded. Earlier that year, Republicans in the legislature blocked an effort to amend the state’s constitution to restore the rights of non-violent felons who had paid their debt to society. That measure was supported by then-governor Bob McDonnell, a Republican. Still, Coy, the McAuliffe spokesman, noted that Rubin’s letter on behalf of the Kaine administration cited no specific language in the state constitution or in Virginia law to support the view that a broad restoration of felon voting rights exceeds the governor’s authority. And he said McAuliffe’s order was in sync with the Cuccinelli panel’s finding that rights restoration must be on an individualized basis. That’s because McAuliffe will regularly sign a document that restores rights to any former felon who fits the criteria, so the process won’t technically be automatic. Coy said McDonnell did the same thing during the final year of his governorship, though McAullife has somewhat expanded the pool of ex-felons who are eligible. Virginia’s felon voting ban, like those of several other states, is derived in part from its 1902 constitution, which had the explicit purpose of disenfranchising African-Americans. Previous versions of the state constitution had disenfranchised people for certain crimes, but the 1902 constitution greatly broadened the number of crimes that led to disenfranchisement, as well as including a range of other devices to limit black voting, including a poll tax and a literacy test. Asked by a journalist whether this amounted to discrimination, one of the most influential members of the convention that produced the constitution, Carter Glass, replied: “Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every negro voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.” Republicans said the planned challenge will be financed with political and private funds, not taxpayer dollars. Cooper, the lawyer hired by the Republican legislative leaders, played a key role in efforts by the Reagan Justice Department to narrow the scope of the Voting Rights Act. This post has been updated.
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